To analyse this, we build 315 cost scenarios by varying the costs of key technologies, and we model the optimal renewable power system for France, simultaneously optimising investment and dispatch. We add to the literature by studying a consecutive 18-year weather period; by testing all combinations of technology costs rather than changing them one at a time; and by calculating the regret from optimising the energy mix on the basis of cost assumptions that do not materialise.
Our results indicate that the cost of a 100% system is not that sensitive to uncertainty. Admittedly, the optimal energy mix is highly sensitive to cost assumptions: across our scenarios, the installed capacity in PV, onshore wind, and power-to-gas varies by a factor of 5, batteries and offshore wind even more. However, in every scenario the total production and storage cost is similar to or lower than the current cost.
Philippe QUIRION is a French National Research Centre Director at CIRED and a researcher in environmental and resource economics. He has authored and co-authored 130+ publications and papers on the subjects.
His publications can be accessed here.
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